{"id":4404,"date":"2023-06-16T06:44:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-16T06:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wibmo.com\/browser-fingerprinting-part-2\/"},"modified":"2024-06-04T06:03:26","modified_gmt":"2024-06-04T06:03:26","slug":"browser-fingerprinting-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wibmo.com\/blogs\/browser-fingerprinting-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Browser Fingerprinting- Part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4404\" class=\"elementor elementor-4404\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69c7a05b e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"69c7a05b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43be0bae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43be0bae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAre you all set to find out more about browser fingerprinting? We bring you Part 2 of this series.\n\n<strong class=\"na hj\">Types of Fingerprinting Techniques:<\/strong>\n\n<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*D82cPAEpZbcPHd-kNb7Qlg.gif\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" \/>\n<p id=\"45ca\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">Canvas Fingerprinting:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"1cfa\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The browser fingerprinting technique uses the HTML5 canvas element to identify variances in a user\u2019s GPU, graphics drivers, or graphics card.<\/p>\n<p id=\"6b05\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">Steps-<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"\">\n \t<li id=\"8667\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">First, the script draws an image, often overlaid with text.<\/li>\n \t<li id=\"66f6\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk agc wm wn wo agd wq wr ws age wu wv ww agf wy wz xa agg xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Then, the script captures how the user\u2019s web browser has rendered the image and text. Naturally, every device with different hardware and drivers will render the image slightly differently, distorting its colour and shape. A hash is then computed using the rendered image\u2019s data, which serves as the \u2018canvas fingerprint.\u201d<\/li>\n \t<li id=\"445e\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk agc wm wn wo agd wq wr ws age wu wv ww agf wy wz xa agg xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The scripts used for canvas fingerprinting operate in the background to keep the user from realizing that the fingerprinting is occurring. This fingerprinting technique is accurate and not too processing-intensive, making it one of the most commonly employed script techniques.<\/li>\n \t<li id=\"82ab\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk agc wm wn wo agd wq wr ws age wu wv ww agf wy wz xa agg xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The visitor\u2019s specific browser and device render images, which can be narrowed down to a pool of fewer than 0.01% of total visitors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"f526\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">WebGL Fingerprinting:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"\">\n \t<li id=\"264c\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">WebGL fingerprinting is very similar to Canvas fingerprinting, as they both use the browser to render images off-screen.<\/li>\n \t<li id=\"d39f\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk agc wm wn wo agd wq wr ws age wu wv ww agf wy wz xa agg xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The WebGL API can be used to render 3D forms in the browser. With the help of the three.js JavaScript library, many 3D forms can be rendered, such as<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol class=\"\">\n \t<li id=\"49b7\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe afz aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Sphere<\/li>\n \t<li id=\"05e8\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk agc wm wn wo agd wq wr ws age wu wv ww agf wy wz xa agg xc xd xe afz aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Cube<\/li>\n \t<li id=\"0d47\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk agc wm wn wo agd wq wr ws age wu wv ww agf wy wz xa agg xc xd xe afz aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Precomposed geometric shapes<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul class=\"\">\n \t<li id=\"77fd\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The test is not that reliable because it is too sensitive to changes in the environment, such as the size of the browser window or the use of the browser console.<\/li>\n \t<li id=\"b85c\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk agc wm wn wo agd wq wr ws age wu wv ww agf wy wz xa agg xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">These changes caused the dimensions of the rendering context to be updated, which resulted in different rendering results when the page was reloaded.<\/li>\n \t<li id=\"7006\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk agc wm wn wo agd wq wr ws age wu wv ww agf wy wz xa agg xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The methodology is still to use images to distinguish users based on their graphics drivers and device hardware.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"260f\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">Media Device Fingerprinting:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"\">\n \t<li id=\"93d9\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">This technique uncovers a list of all the connected media devices and their respective IDs on a user\u2019s laptop or PC. This includes all internal media components like video cards and audio cards, as well as all connected or linked devices like headphones.<\/li>\n \t<li id=\"a070\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk agc wm wn wo agd wq wr ws age wu wv ww agf wy wz xa agg xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Media device fingerprinting is not widely used for fingerprinting functions. This is because it requires the user to grant access to their microphone and camera to get a complete list of connected devices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"0cd5\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">Audio Fingerprinting:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"\">\n \t<li id=\"2904\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">While other fingerprinting techniques force browsers to render a text or image, this technique checks how their devices play sound.<\/li>\n \t<li id=\"3386\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk agc wm wn wo agd wq wr ws age wu wv ww agf wy wz xa agg xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">The browser vendor and version used impact minute differences in sound waves generated by a digital oscillator and differences in CPU architecture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"aff afg afh afi afj sj sd se paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"sk sl dl sm bg sn\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"sd se ago\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg so sp c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*AoX-4mXYojo2Hb1-cPc1Gw.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"387\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<p id=\"7443\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">Clock Skew:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"\">\n \t<li id=\"f043\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Clock skew is a measure that can be used to identify the hardware specifications of a machine by analyzing the uneven arrival of electrical signals from a clock generator at different components.<\/li>\n \t<li id=\"e3d0\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk agc wm wn wo agd wq wr ws age wu wv ww agf wy wz xa agg xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">These differences can be affected by temperature variations in the hardware and can be analyzed with sufficient data and numerical analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"aff afg afh afi afj sj sd se paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"sd se agp\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1058\/format:webp\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 1058w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 529px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1058\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png 1058w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 529px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg so sp c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1058\/1*UDKkMryfT_tikKSMhmBQhQ.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"529\" height=\"621\" \/><\/picture><\/div><\/figure>\n<ul class=\"\">\n \t<li id=\"e1de\" class=\"wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe agn aga agb bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">This is considered an extreme measure in the field of fingerprinting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"38bb\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">Browser fingerprinting workflow:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"aff afg afh afi afj sj sd se paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"sk sl dl sm bg sn\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"sd se agq\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg so sp c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*Am8ybCv2jpmOXlmoewBbTw.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"397\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<p id=\"2267\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Utilizing browser fingerprinting for authentication during payments as an additional layer of security and protection against fraud is helpful, but it has to be coupled with a two-factor authentication process.\n\nTwo-factor authentication involves verifying a user\u2019s identity using two different methods, such as a password and a fingerprint or a code sent to their mobile device.<\/p>\n<p id=\"411d\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">By adding browser fingerprinting as a third factor,\u00a0<a class=\"af xf\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wibmo.com\/trident-frm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">Wibmo\u2019s Trident FRM<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0solution uses canvas fingerprinting and creates a more secure and reliable payment authentication process.<\/p>\n<p id=\"837a\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">It is important to ensure that proper privacy protections and data security measures are in place, as browser fingerprinting data is unique to each user and can be used to track and identify individuals across different websites and devices.\nAdditionally, it\u2019s important to comply with data privacy regulations such as GDPR, CCPA, and the upcoming Digital Personal Data Protection Bill when collecting and storing browser fingerprint data.<\/p>\n<p id=\"0787\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">Fingerprinting and Online Fraud Detection:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p id=\"44c6\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">Browser fingerprinting techniques can be useful for identifying and targeting visitors with a pattern of fraudulent behaviour on a website.<\/p>\n<p id=\"dce2\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">These techniques can be particularly effective in identifying users who use identity concealing techniques such as disabling cookies, using a VPN, or browsing in incognito mode.<\/p>\n<p id=\"6c9e\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">1.In cases of account takeover<\/strong>, where malicious users try to hack a legitimate user\u2019s account, fingerprinting and other user identification technologies can be used to add additional security measures to the login process for suspicious traffic only.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"aff afg afh afi afj sj sd se paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"sk sl dl sm bg sn\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"sd se aft\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg so sp c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*k8iAyieYEI5aJvJvIG6jPA.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<p id=\"4ef7\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">2.To prevent brute force or bot attacks<\/strong>, it is best practice to require users to solve a CAPTCHA after a certain number of failed login attempts and to lock out the user for a set time after a certain number of attempts, as such attacks often rely on automation and thus may not have the unique browser configurations of genuine users.<\/p>\n<p id=\"734a\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">a. Browser fingerprinting can detect bots through their unusual browser configurations.<\/p>\n<p id=\"848e\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">b. Multiple login attempts with the same fingerprint can signal a brute-force attack.<\/p>\n<p id=\"2976\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">c. Bots that either lack a unique fingerprint or use identical fingerprints can be spotted and investigated.<\/p>\n<p id=\"d1a7\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">d. It can improve CAPTCHA systems by triggering a CAPTCHA when a fingerprint is linked to suspicious activity.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"aff afg afh afi afj sj sd se paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"sk sl dl sm bg sn\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"sd se aft\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg so sp c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*yQj4RiL58-HVTHLGJ46neg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<p id=\"756c\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">3.For phishing scams<\/strong>, requiring email or two-factor authentication for new fingerprints attempting to log in and blocking repeatedly visited fingerprints can also be effective measures.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"aff afg afh afi afj sj sd se paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"sk sl dl sm bg sn\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"sd se aft\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg so sp c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*meJIMbfmzfmfsBSZDYVDig.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"700\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<p id=\"ae8c\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph wh wi sr wj b wk wl wm wn wo wp wq wr ws wt wu wv ww wx wy wz xa xb xc xd xe fv bj\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\"><strong class=\"wj lv\">Conclusion:<\/strong>\nLimitations and current scenario of browser fingerprinting:<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"aff afg afh afi afj sj sd se paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"sk sl dl sm bg sn\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"sd se agr\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/format:webp\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 1400w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png 1400w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bg so sp c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1400\/1*OmffoJStcQEdYjfsn_2EuQ.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"362\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<strong class=\"na hj\">Author:<\/strong>\n\n<a class=\"af oo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/vaibhavc2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\">Vaibhav Chandel<\/a>, Product Manager\n\n<a class=\"af oo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wibmo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener ugc nofollow\">Wibmo<\/a> A PayU\/Naspers FinTech Company\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dcba20 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no wpr-equal-height-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5dcba20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7128404 wpr-post-info-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-wpr-post-info\" data-id=\"7128404\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wpr-post-info wpr-post-info-vertical\"><li class=\"wpr-post-info-taxonomy\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wibmo.com\/blogs\/tag\/browser-fingerprinting\/\"><span class=\"wpr-post-info-text\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-tag\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 252.118V48C0 21.49 21.49 0 48 0h204.118a48 48 0 0 1 33.941 14.059l211.882 211.882c18.745 18.745 18.745 49.137 0 67.882L293.823 497.941c-18.745 18.745-49.137 18.745-67.882 0L14.059 286.059A48 48 0 0 1 0 252.118zM112 64c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48s21.49 48 48 48 48-21.49 48-48-21.49-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>Browser Fingerprinting<span class=\"tax-sep\">, <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/wibmo.com\/blogs\/tag\/fraud-prevention-2\/\"><span class=\"wpr-post-info-text\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-tag\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 252.118V48C0 21.49 21.49 0 48 0h204.118a48 48 0 0 1 33.941 14.059l211.882 211.882c18.745 18.745 18.745 49.137 0 67.882L293.823 497.941c-18.745 18.745-49.137 18.745-67.882 0L14.059 286.059A48 48 0 0 1 0 252.118zM112 64c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48s21.49 48 48 48 48-21.49 48-48-21.49-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>Fraud Prevention<span class=\"tax-sep\">, <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/wibmo.com\/blogs\/tag\/online-payments-2\/\"><span class=\"wpr-post-info-text\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-tag\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 252.118V48C0 21.49 21.49 0 48 0h204.118a48 48 0 0 1 33.941 14.059l211.882 211.882c18.745 18.745 18.745 49.137 0 67.882L293.823 497.941c-18.745 18.745-49.137 18.745-67.882 0L14.059 286.059A48 48 0 0 1 0 252.118zM112 64c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48s21.49 48 48 48 48-21.49 48-48-21.49-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>Online Payments<span class=\"tax-sep\">, <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/wibmo.com\/blogs\/tag\/payment-security-2\/\"><span class=\"wpr-post-info-text\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-tag\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 252.118V48C0 21.49 21.49 0 48 0h204.118a48 48 0 0 1 33.941 14.059l211.882 211.882c18.745 18.745 18.745 49.137 0 67.882L293.823 497.941c-18.745 18.745-49.137 18.745-67.882 0L14.059 286.059A48 48 0 0 1 0 252.118zM112 64c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48s21.49 48 48 48 48-21.49 48-48-21.49-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>Payment Security<span class=\"tax-sep\">, <\/span><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/wibmo.com\/blogs\/tag\/secure-payment-2\/\"><span class=\"wpr-post-info-text\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-tag\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M0 252.118V48C0 21.49 21.49 0 48 0h204.118a48 48 0 0 1 33.941 14.059l211.882 211.882c18.745 18.745 18.745 49.137 0 67.882L293.823 497.941c-18.745 18.745-49.137 18.745-67.882 0L14.059 286.059A48 48 0 0 1 0 252.118zM112 64c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48s21.49 48 48 48 48-21.49 48-48-21.49-48-48-48z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>Secure Payment<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are you all set to find out more about browser fingerprinting? We bring you Part 2 of this series. Types of Fingerprinting Techniques: Canvas Fingerprinting: The browser fingerprinting technique uses the HTML5 canvas element to identify variances in a user\u2019s GPU, graphics drivers, or graphics card. Steps- First, the script draws an image, often overlaid with text. Then, the script captures how the user\u2019s web browser has rendered the image and text. Naturally, every device with different hardware and drivers will render the image slightly differently, distorting its colour and shape. A hash is then computed using the rendered image\u2019s data, which serves as the \u2018canvas fingerprint.\u201d The scripts used for canvas fingerprinting operate in the background to keep the user from realizing that the fingerprinting is occurring. This fingerprinting technique is accurate and not too processing-intensive, making it one of the most commonly employed script techniques. The visitor\u2019s specific browser and device render images, which can be narrowed down to a pool of fewer than 0.01% of total visitors. WebGL Fingerprinting: WebGL fingerprinting is very similar to Canvas fingerprinting, as they both use the browser to render images off-screen. The WebGL API can be used to render 3D forms in the browser. With the help of the three.js JavaScript library, many 3D forms can be rendered, such as Sphere Cube Precomposed geometric shapes The test is not that reliable because it is too sensitive to changes in the environment, such as the size of the browser window or the use of the browser console. These changes caused the dimensions of the rendering context to be updated, which resulted in different rendering results when the page was reloaded. The methodology is still to use images to distinguish users based on their graphics drivers and device hardware. Media Device Fingerprinting: This technique uncovers a list of all the connected media devices and their respective IDs on a user\u2019s laptop or PC. This includes all internal media components like video cards and audio cards, as well as all connected or linked devices like headphones. Media device fingerprinting is not widely used for fingerprinting functions. This is because it requires the user to grant access to their microphone and camera to get a complete list of connected devices. Audio Fingerprinting: While other fingerprinting techniques force browsers to render a text or image, this technique checks how their devices play sound. The browser vendor and version used impact minute differences in sound waves generated by a digital oscillator and differences in CPU architecture. Clock Skew: Clock skew is a measure that can be used to identify the hardware specifications of a machine by analyzing the uneven arrival of electrical signals from a clock generator at different components. These differences can be affected by temperature variations in the hardware and can be analyzed with sufficient data and numerical analysis. This is considered an extreme measure in the field of fingerprinting. Browser fingerprinting workflow: Utilizing browser fingerprinting for authentication during payments as an additional layer of security and protection against fraud is helpful, but it has to be coupled with a two-factor authentication process. Two-factor authentication involves verifying a user\u2019s identity using two different methods, such as a password and a fingerprint or a code sent to their mobile device. By adding browser fingerprinting as a third factor,\u00a0Wibmo\u2019s Trident FRM\u00a0solution uses canvas fingerprinting and creates a more secure and reliable payment authentication process. It is important to ensure that proper privacy protections and data security measures are in place, as browser fingerprinting data is unique to each user and can be used to track and identify individuals across different websites and devices. Additionally, it\u2019s important to comply with data privacy regulations such as GDPR, CCPA, and the upcoming Digital Personal Data Protection Bill when collecting and storing browser fingerprint data. Fingerprinting and Online Fraud Detection: Browser fingerprinting techniques can be useful for identifying and targeting visitors with a pattern of fraudulent behaviour on a website. These techniques can be particularly effective in identifying users who use identity concealing techniques such as disabling cookies, using a VPN, or browsing in incognito mode. 1.In cases of account takeover, where malicious users try to hack a legitimate user\u2019s account, fingerprinting and other user identification technologies can be used to add additional security measures to the login process for suspicious traffic only. 2.To prevent brute force or bot attacks, it is best practice to require users to solve a CAPTCHA after a certain number of failed login attempts and to lock out the user for a set time after a certain number of attempts, as such attacks often rely on automation and thus may not have the unique browser configurations of genuine users. a. Browser fingerprinting can detect bots through their unusual browser configurations. b. Multiple login attempts with the same fingerprint can signal a brute-force attack. c. Bots that either lack a unique fingerprint or use identical fingerprints can be spotted and investigated. d. It can improve CAPTCHA systems by triggering a CAPTCHA when a fingerprint is linked to suspicious activity. 3.For phishing scams, requiring email or two-factor authentication for new fingerprints attempting to log in and blocking repeatedly visited fingerprints can also be effective measures. Conclusion: Limitations and current scenario of browser fingerprinting: Author: Vaibhav Chandel, Product Manager Wibmo A PayU\/Naspers FinTech Company BaaS<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":4454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[133,90,117,109,89],"class_list":["post-4404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reading-list","tag-browser-fingerprinting","tag-fraud-prevention-2","tag-online-payments-2","tag-payment-security-2","tag-secure-payment-2"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Browser Fingerprinting- Part 2 - Digital Payments, Payment Security and Lending - Wibmo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wibmo.com\/blogs\/browser-fingerprinting-part-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Browser Fingerprinting- Part 2 - Digital Payments, Payment Security and Lending - Wibmo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Are you all set to find out more about browser fingerprinting? We bring you Part 2 of this series. Types of Fingerprinting Techniques: Canvas Fingerprinting: The browser fingerprinting technique uses the HTML5 canvas element to identify variances in a user\u2019s GPU, graphics drivers, or graphics card. Steps- First, the script draws an image, often overlaid with text. Then, the script captures how the user\u2019s web browser has rendered the image and text. Naturally, every device with different hardware and drivers will render the image slightly differently, distorting its colour and shape. A hash is then computed using the rendered image\u2019s data, which serves as the \u2018canvas fingerprint.\u201d The scripts used for canvas fingerprinting operate in the background to keep the user from realizing that the fingerprinting is occurring. This fingerprinting technique is accurate and not too processing-intensive, making it one of the most commonly employed script techniques. The visitor\u2019s specific browser and device render images, which can be narrowed down to a pool of fewer than 0.01% of total visitors. WebGL Fingerprinting: WebGL fingerprinting is very similar to Canvas fingerprinting, as they both use the browser to render images off-screen. The WebGL API can be used to render 3D forms in the browser. With the help of the three.js JavaScript library, many 3D forms can be rendered, such as Sphere Cube Precomposed geometric shapes The test is not that reliable because it is too sensitive to changes in the environment, such as the size of the browser window or the use of the browser console. These changes caused the dimensions of the rendering context to be updated, which resulted in different rendering results when the page was reloaded. The methodology is still to use images to distinguish users based on their graphics drivers and device hardware. Media Device Fingerprinting: This technique uncovers a list of all the connected media devices and their respective IDs on a user\u2019s laptop or PC. This includes all internal media components like video cards and audio cards, as well as all connected or linked devices like headphones. Media device fingerprinting is not widely used for fingerprinting functions. This is because it requires the user to grant access to their microphone and camera to get a complete list of connected devices. Audio Fingerprinting: While other fingerprinting techniques force browsers to render a text or image, this technique checks how their devices play sound. The browser vendor and version used impact minute differences in sound waves generated by a digital oscillator and differences in CPU architecture. Clock Skew: Clock skew is a measure that can be used to identify the hardware specifications of a machine by analyzing the uneven arrival of electrical signals from a clock generator at different components. These differences can be affected by temperature variations in the hardware and can be analyzed with sufficient data and numerical analysis. This is considered an extreme measure in the field of fingerprinting. Browser fingerprinting workflow: Utilizing browser fingerprinting for authentication during payments as an additional layer of security and protection against fraud is helpful, but it has to be coupled with a two-factor authentication process. Two-factor authentication involves verifying a user\u2019s identity using two different methods, such as a password and a fingerprint or a code sent to their mobile device. By adding browser fingerprinting as a third factor,\u00a0Wibmo\u2019s Trident FRM\u00a0solution uses canvas fingerprinting and creates a more secure and reliable payment authentication process. It is important to ensure that proper privacy protections and data security measures are in place, as browser fingerprinting data is unique to each user and can be used to track and identify individuals across different websites and devices. Additionally, it\u2019s important to comply with data privacy regulations such as GDPR, CCPA, and the upcoming Digital Personal Data Protection Bill when collecting and storing browser fingerprint data. Fingerprinting and Online Fraud Detection: Browser fingerprinting techniques can be useful for identifying and targeting visitors with a pattern of fraudulent behaviour on a website. These techniques can be particularly effective in identifying users who use identity concealing techniques such as disabling cookies, using a VPN, or browsing in incognito mode. 1.In cases of account takeover, where malicious users try to hack a legitimate user\u2019s account, fingerprinting and other user identification technologies can be used to add additional security measures to the login process for suspicious traffic only. 2.To prevent brute force or bot attacks, it is best practice to require users to solve a CAPTCHA after a certain number of failed login attempts and to lock out the user for a set time after a certain number of attempts, as such attacks often rely on automation and thus may not have the unique browser configurations of genuine users. a. Browser fingerprinting can detect bots through their unusual browser configurations. b. Multiple login attempts with the same fingerprint can signal a brute-force attack. c. Bots that either lack a unique fingerprint or use identical fingerprints can be spotted and investigated. d. It can improve CAPTCHA systems by triggering a CAPTCHA when a fingerprint is linked to suspicious activity. 3.For phishing scams, requiring email or two-factor authentication for new fingerprints attempting to log in and blocking repeatedly visited fingerprints can also be effective measures. Conclusion: Limitations and current scenario of browser fingerprinting: Author: Vaibhav Chandel, Product Manager Wibmo A PayU\/Naspers FinTech Company BaaS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wibmo.com\/blogs\/browser-fingerprinting-part-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Digital Payments, Payment Security and Lending - Wibmo\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-16T06:44:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-04T06:03:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wibmo.com\/blogs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Browser-fingerprint-part-2.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1352\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"861\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Vaibhav Chandel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Vaibhav Chandel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wibmo.com\\\/blogs\\\/browser-fingerprinting-part-2\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wibmo.com\\\/blogs\\\/browser-fingerprinting-part-2\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Vaibhav Chandel\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wibmo.com\\\/blogs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/88adcd0de78020e423865895ffadd001\"},\"headline\":\"Browser Fingerprinting- Part 2\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-16T06:44:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-04T06:03:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wibmo.com\\\/blogs\\\/browser-fingerprinting-part-2\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":900,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wibmo.com\\\/blogs\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wibmo.com\\\/blogs\\\/browser-fingerprinting-part-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wibmo.com\\\/blogs\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/05\\\/Browser-fingerprint-part-2.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"Browser Fingerprinting\",\"Fraud Prevention\",\"Online Payments\",\"Payment Security\",\"Secure Payment\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Reading List\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/wibmo.com\\\/blogs\\\/browser-fingerprinting-part-2\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wibmo.com\\\/blogs\\\/browser-fingerprinting-part-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wibmo.com\\\/blogs\\\/browser-fingerprinting-part-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"Browser Fingerprinting- Part 2 - 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We bring you Part 2 of this series. Types of Fingerprinting Techniques: Canvas Fingerprinting: The browser fingerprinting technique uses the HTML5 canvas element to identify variances in a user\u2019s GPU, graphics drivers, or graphics card. Steps- First, the script draws an image, often overlaid with text. Then, the script captures how the user\u2019s web browser has rendered the image and text. Naturally, every device with different hardware and drivers will render the image slightly differently, distorting its colour and shape. A hash is then computed using the rendered image\u2019s data, which serves as the \u2018canvas fingerprint.\u201d The scripts used for canvas fingerprinting operate in the background to keep the user from realizing that the fingerprinting is occurring. This fingerprinting technique is accurate and not too processing-intensive, making it one of the most commonly employed script techniques. The visitor\u2019s specific browser and device render images, which can be narrowed down to a pool of fewer than 0.01% of total visitors. WebGL Fingerprinting: WebGL fingerprinting is very similar to Canvas fingerprinting, as they both use the browser to render images off-screen. The WebGL API can be used to render 3D forms in the browser. With the help of the three.js JavaScript library, many 3D forms can be rendered, such as Sphere Cube Precomposed geometric shapes The test is not that reliable because it is too sensitive to changes in the environment, such as the size of the browser window or the use of the browser console. These changes caused the dimensions of the rendering context to be updated, which resulted in different rendering results when the page was reloaded. The methodology is still to use images to distinguish users based on their graphics drivers and device hardware. Media Device Fingerprinting: This technique uncovers a list of all the connected media devices and their respective IDs on a user\u2019s laptop or PC. This includes all internal media components like video cards and audio cards, as well as all connected or linked devices like headphones. Media device fingerprinting is not widely used for fingerprinting functions. This is because it requires the user to grant access to their microphone and camera to get a complete list of connected devices. Audio Fingerprinting: While other fingerprinting techniques force browsers to render a text or image, this technique checks how their devices play sound. The browser vendor and version used impact minute differences in sound waves generated by a digital oscillator and differences in CPU architecture. Clock Skew: Clock skew is a measure that can be used to identify the hardware specifications of a machine by analyzing the uneven arrival of electrical signals from a clock generator at different components. These differences can be affected by temperature variations in the hardware and can be analyzed with sufficient data and numerical analysis. This is considered an extreme measure in the field of fingerprinting. Browser fingerprinting workflow: Utilizing browser fingerprinting for authentication during payments as an additional layer of security and protection against fraud is helpful, but it has to be coupled with a two-factor authentication process. Two-factor authentication involves verifying a user\u2019s identity using two different methods, such as a password and a fingerprint or a code sent to their mobile device. By adding browser fingerprinting as a third factor,\u00a0Wibmo\u2019s Trident FRM\u00a0solution uses canvas fingerprinting and creates a more secure and reliable payment authentication process. It is important to ensure that proper privacy protections and data security measures are in place, as browser fingerprinting data is unique to each user and can be used to track and identify individuals across different websites and devices. Additionally, it\u2019s important to comply with data privacy regulations such as GDPR, CCPA, and the upcoming Digital Personal Data Protection Bill when collecting and storing browser fingerprint data. Fingerprinting and Online Fraud Detection: Browser fingerprinting techniques can be useful for identifying and targeting visitors with a pattern of fraudulent behaviour on a website. These techniques can be particularly effective in identifying users who use identity concealing techniques such as disabling cookies, using a VPN, or browsing in incognito mode. 1.In cases of account takeover, where malicious users try to hack a legitimate user\u2019s account, fingerprinting and other user identification technologies can be used to add additional security measures to the login process for suspicious traffic only. 2.To prevent brute force or bot attacks, it is best practice to require users to solve a CAPTCHA after a certain number of failed login attempts and to lock out the user for a set time after a certain number of attempts, as such attacks often rely on automation and thus may not have the unique browser configurations of genuine users. a. Browser fingerprinting can detect bots through their unusual browser configurations. b. Multiple login attempts with the same fingerprint can signal a brute-force attack. c. Bots that either lack a unique fingerprint or use identical fingerprints can be spotted and investigated. d. It can improve CAPTCHA systems by triggering a CAPTCHA when a fingerprint is linked to suspicious activity. 3.For phishing scams, requiring email or two-factor authentication for new fingerprints attempting to log in and blocking repeatedly visited fingerprints can also be effective measures. 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